The Founder’s Lecture 2009: advances in imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

The objective of this review article is to provide an update on new developments in imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis over the past three decades. A literature review is presented that summarizes the highlights in the development of bone mineral density measurements, bone structure imaging, and vertebral fracture assessment in osteoporosis as well as MR-based semiquantitative assessment of osteoarthritis and quantitative cartilage matrix imaging. This review focuses on techniques that have impacted patient management and therapeutic decision making or that potentially will affect patient care in the near future. Results of pertinent studies are presented and used for illustration. In summary, novel developments have significantly impacted imaging of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis over the past three decades

A systematic review showing the lack of diagnostic criteria and tools developed for lower-limb cellulitis

BACKGROUND: Cellulitis can be a difficult diagnosis to make. Furthermore, 31% of patients admitted from the emergency department with suspected lower-limb cellulitis have been misdiagnosed, with incorrect treatment potentially resulting in avoidable hospital admission and the prescription of unnecessary antibiotics. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify diagnostic criteria or tools that have been developed for lower-limb cellulitis. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases in May 2018, with the aim of describing diagnostic criteria and tools developed for lower-limb cellulitis, and we assessed the quality of the studies identified using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. We included all types of study that described diagnostic criteria or tools. RESULTS: Eight observational studies were included. Five studies examined biochemical markers, two studies assessed imaging and one study developed a diagnostic decision model. All eight studies were considered to have a high risk for bias in at least one domain. The quantity and quality of available data was low and results could not be pooled owing to the heterogeneity of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of high-quality publications describing criteria or tools for diagnosing lower-limb cellulitis. Future studies using prospective designs, validated in both primary and secondary care settings, are needed. What's already known about this topic? Diagnosing lower-limb cellulitis on first presentation is challenging. Approximately one in three patients admitted from the emergency department with suspected lower-limb cellulitis do not have cellulitis and are given another diagnosis on discharge. Consequently, this results in potentially avoidable hospital admissions and the prescription of unnecessary antibiotics. There are no diagnostic criteria available for lower-limb cellulitis in the U.K. What does this study add? This systematic review has identified a key research gap in the diagnosis of lower-limb cellulitis. There is a current lack of robustly developed and validated diagnostic criteria or tools for use in clinical practice

Ressonância magnética da osteonecrose do joelho: estudo de 19 casos Magnetic resonance imaging of knee osteonecrosis: a study of 19 cases

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e de ressonância magnética da osteonecrose das porções distal do fêmur e proximal da tíbia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Avaliação de 19 pacientes (12 mulheres e 7 homens), sem história prévia de fatores causais, com achados à ressonância magnética sugestivos de osteonecrose do platô tibial ou côndilo femoral. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se a presença de anormalidades osteocondrais em 63,1% dos casos e em 73,6% destes houve associação com lesão meniscal ipsilateral. Houve também importante associação com edema na medular óssea em correspondência (grau III em 16 casos). CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética demonstrou ser um método não invasivo com boa sensibilidade no diagnóstico da osteonecrose do joelho, bem como das lesões associadas, sendo mais frequente nas mulheres (63% dos casos).<br>OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of osteonecrosis in the distal femur and proximal tibia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluation of 19 patients (12 women and 7 men), with no previous history of causative factors, with magnetic resonance imaging findings suggestive of osteonecrosis in the tibial plateau or femoral condyle. RESULTS: Osteochondral abnormalities were observed in 63.1% of the cases; in 73.6% of them, such abnormality was associated with ipsilateral meniscal lesion. Also, a significant association with bone marrow edema (grade III in 16 cases) was observed. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated to be a noninvasive method with good sensitivity in the diagnosis of knee osteonecrosis as well as of associated lesions which are most frequently found in women (63% of cases)